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THE PERSECUTION OF THE DISABLED

racist theories and practices, unfair, and ultimately murderous persecution by the Nazis developed and applied not only hit the Jews. Among the other victims of the Roma, homosexuals, political dissidents, the physically and mentally disabled.
In Hitler's Germany, in order to hit them, was activated a program called Aktion T4 (T4 is the abbreviation for "Tiergartenstrasse 4", the address of the district of Berlin where he was located the headquarters of the program.)
If the Jews were considered enemies, "assets" of the German people, the physically and mentally disabled were classified as enemies of "passive" means a burden to the people and for the State, who spent money to keep alive "people whose life was not worth living, "according to the sombre term coined in a publication of the 1920 by the jurist Karl Binding and psychiatrist Alfred Hoche.
the theoretical basis of Aktion T4, there was the theory of eugenics, which developed at the turn of the '800 and '900. It conceived of each nation as a community improvement of which depended on the extinction of germ cells (ie, belonging to the gene pool) "degenerate." The Nazi
via the application of the theory of eugenics was the removal or sterilization of sick people.
The law for the "prevention of offspring suffering from hereditary diseases" of July 14, 1933 introduced compulsory sterilization for those with diseases considered hereditary, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, psychosis, the oligophrenia, and physical infirmities such as blindness or congenital deaf-mutism. The list was also provided for chronic alcoholism. It is estimated that this rule has led to the sterilization of 300,000 to 400,000 people, about 0.5 percent of the German population at the time.
On 18 October 1935, one month after the promulgation of the Nuremberg racial laws, went into effect the "law on the health of marriage," which forbade the union if one of the boyfriends she suffered from a disease among those covered in the law for the sterilization . Since then the couple had to submit a certificate of marriage to obtain the necessary license. But approaching
the war, started a real domestic policy of extermination. On the initiative of Hitler himself, who in October 1939 granted permission to proceed to the elimination of those patients deemed "critical", with the motivation to free hospital beds to be allocated to the soldiers from the front. In fact, the Reich destined
meager resources and to hospice care and care of people with disabilities: the base of the murders perpetrated by Aktion T4, improperly called "euthanasia" (the Nazis for propaganda purposes, they spoke of "mercy killing") , there was the desire to shorten the lives of people suffering, but to achieve a purpose consistent with Nazi ideology. Individuals suffering from physical and mental disabilities are indeed a threat to the imagined perfection of the so-called Aryan race.
Initially, the project focused on the elimination of T4 disabled children: doctors, midwives and hospitals report them to the public health service, transmitting the complaint form to the Reich Committee, whose physicians selected the children for the program elimination, was going through barbiturates.
then passed to the removal of adults, according to a similar procedure: the Ministry of Interior of the Reich forced the institutions that housed people with disabilities to report patients with appositive questionnaires. The selection of who should be happening then eliminated through the evaluation of cards, made by about forty psychiatrists serving the program: a very small staff, which led to summary decisions, taken in haste and very arbitrary. To kill the adults, we used the gas chambers, working them in institutions that were subsequently used for the "final solution" against the Jews. It can be said that the method of extermination by the Nazis of people with disabilities and technical methods anticipated the elimination of the Jews.
the families of the victims was sent to careful documentation, falsified and misleading, testifying the circumstances of the death of their relatives: the German government knew dell'impopolarità of the project and throughout the period of its implementation tried to mystify and gloss over what in effect was a mass murder of German citizens.
It is estimated that up to August 1941 - when Hitler was forced to order the murderous campaign of disruption due to the aversion of public opinion and the Church - about eighty thousand people were killed. T4
But the project did not stop. Hitler always believed in its principles: Aktion T4 kept in a secret underground until 1945, causing the deaths of tens of thousands of people.

by: http://www.spoletocity.com/?page=articolo&id=1753

How Long After Being Exposed To Lice

The National Order of Social Workers Alfano wrote to the Minister and DAP on the summits of recent law n.199 of 26.11. 2010

http://www.cnoas.it/archivio.php?keytb=NEW&id=453

Objections social workers to the new law. What are the effects on UEPE?
The Order on December 20 wrote to the Minister Alfano to express strongly, on behalf of social workers engaged in the Department of Penitentiary Administration, their disagreement with the provisions of the new law 26/11/2010, n. 199, concerning the activities of the offices to run outside criminal and tasks of social workers.



Rome, December 20, 2010
Prot No 3722/2010
The Minister for Justice Angelino Alfano


On the Penitentiary Administration Department Head

Dr. Franco Ionta

The General
Execution Criminal External
Dr. Luigia Mariotti Culla

The General
held and processed
Dr. Sebastiano Ardita


The General Manager of Personnel and Training
Dr. Riccardo Turrini Vita


SUBJECT: Law 199/2010: "Provisions on the implementation at the home of a prison sentence not exceeding one year."

The professional association of social workers firmly believes duty to express, on behalf of social workers engaged in the Department of Penitentiary Administration, their disagreement with the provisions, concerning the activities of the Offices for the application of penalties and external the tasks of social workers by law 26.11.2010, n. 199 "Provisions on the implementation at the home of a prison sentence not exceeding one year."
E 'no doubt shared, in general terms, the rationale for aiming at a decarcerizzazione of short-term imprisonment, as it is viewed positively by the desire to expand the home remedies.
E 'is known, in fact, as the penalty for granted out of prison permits a more concrete and positive reintegration of the convicted person in a social context, as demonstrated by lower rates of recidivism than those who, instead, he spent the entire sentence under detention. We also share
the concerns and the warnings thrown by many on the current tragic conditions of the Italian prisons in which, against a capacity of just over 44,000 people, are "crammed" nearly 70,000 people.
Social workers, in fact, work in the context of prison for more than 35 years, alongside the educators, the prison officers, experts, volunteers, occur daily as the overcrowding, but also the problematic nature of an environment that is characterized increasingly as a mere "container" of the effects of social disadvantage now overflowing, had caused invivibilità conditions that do not allow adequate respect for the dignity of the person.
This understanding, however, the Order must also consider and draw the attention of those in the address on the impact that the measure will be approved on Uepe. This
confirming once again what has been previously stated conditions of great difficulty and hardship through which the social justice in the context of the profound crisis that is affecting the whole system of criminal law enforcement has an impact, with devastating effects on branch offices, increasing the required minimum level of private resources.
In this scenario, the new legislative measure could now become a factor that can be one hand, introduce further elements of complexity in the organization of Uepe, the other to make more confused sense of its institutional mandate of these offices.
For this reason, the Order in June 2010, had expressed concern during the evaluation process of approval of the law, with respect to that content (although the version of the bill unless adverse social services) had required changes in order to avoid negative impacts on the operations Uepe which, remember, has always been an intended part of the whole residual resources of the penitentiary.
is feared that the new measures, in the absence appropriate increases in human resources, economic and instrumental, could result in additional burden that could not be supported by branch offices, if not at risk of institutional paralysis of the services and practitioners that the legislature of 1975 had called to give effect to ' Article 27 of the Constitution.
These recommendations and concerns, from social workers who represents and protects the professional mandate and is consistent with this statutory mandate, under an objective of respecting the dignity and rights of detainees, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the service provided, were not apparently considered worthy of any consideration.
This can be said to face not only a confirmation, in the text just entered into force, all the points marked the most critical time, but also for the inclusion of additional elements that affect in a very negative impact on quality and effectiveness of institutional intervention Uepe, and even more on the technical-professional social workers.
Broadly speaking, the measure appears to act as a predominant purpose to reduce the overcrowding of prisons, in relation to a situation that is now beyond any possibility of ensuring a minimum level of dignity to prisoners, as well as those who work there.
must be said, however, that the arrangements made, as well as exclusionary requirements introduced in relation to a wide range of offenses, induce a negative prediction about the actual effectiveness of this legislation.
This critical consideration also extends the automation provided for the granting of home detention in the absence of design assumptions and assessments which relates to the possibilities and objectives of social reintegration of the person running penalty. It must be remembered that those who will be admitted, despite having a conviction (or a compound sentence) a year, they have first been eligible for alternative measures larger because they are deprived of the requirements for other alternatives penalty in the form of necessary support and socio-occupational and family safety nets.
There were evidently given the difficulties of those who will enter the house arrest, living a condition of extreme deprivation, which is not only "criminal" going to be part of a range of services of the Administration, but also local authorities and the so-called third sector, which is characterized by a drastic reduction of resources and tools for action.
Were the social workers can not avoid drawing the attention of political and administrative leadership of the Ministry of Justice on aspects of the law more clear and negative fallout will have on the organizational level of offices and on the interventions of technical and professional social workers.
On the most critical organizational issues resulting from increased workload that will inevitably fall on the offices with the introduction of measures which, it was decided, should be given priority over all others. This increase of the work is to operate in a reality that is already in severe distress, as highlighted by some objective data: the personal social services in post offices in the peripheral is numerically smaller than expected from organic plants, a comparison between data on the average load of social workers, and reported to 30.06.2006 to 31.03.2010, it is clear that in almost all the regional workloads of 2010 are slightly lower than those of 2006 to what is associated with the reduction of financial and material resources allocated to Uepe and a reality of the territories in which such offices are located, which is less and less receptive to the execution sentence for the depletion of local resources.
On the technical-professional in the legal text and there are no instruments and procedures that have nothing to do with actions consistent with a mandate and a professional methodology that, until recently, were considered as the most appropriate to respond to purpose of recovery and reintegration to society of those who were in atonement pain, with benefits both for the person concerned, and for the entire community, from a higher level of welfare resulting from greater inclusion and social cohesion.
seems difficult to understand the reasons which led it to give the staff a social task, such as the suitability of the home, which does not require specific technical and professional skills, especially in light of the fact that the instrument for this purpose processed ("tab to ascertain the suitability of the home") requires a mere collection of data, a task that could be done by other operators, who already have these functions in other areas.
can not, also shut up the fact that this activity merely "executive" to be sung as a priority, distract the already scarce resources from the Uepe tasks that are part of the institutional mandate, with negative effects on the procedures for monitoring, observation and activity treatment and support for prison inmates in particular for the restoration of family relationships, whose urgency was underscored in the statement issued by the Head of Department, Dr. F. Ionta, just last July.
But what raises even more concern is that the measure introduced in the manner provided in both the preparatory stage, and in the course of its implementation, has a nature "Hybrid", wanting to combine aspects that characterize one side as a mere instrument of deflation prison (the high level of automation and the grant is based solely on the existence of a home and a willingness of family members and / or other to accommodate the inmate), which are specific to other alternative measures designed properly, in particular, alongside an entity as a social worker, with the support tasks and control.
But the absence of any project proposal to render meaningless the intervention of the social worker, unless you want to "vilify" meaning it as a mere instrument of fiscal control. With
introduced home detention Law 199/2010 the legislature, evidently moved by a primary and urgent need for deflation, at the same time without being really attentive to the conditions and requirements that substantiate the application of penalties in effect risocializzante, has designed a measure that, just for wanting to balance characters and incompatible goals, loses its effectiveness for both.
In light of these considerations, without going into the merits of the choices made at the political-legal but only by a desire to maintain and enhance the professional contribution of social workers of Justice, the National Council of Social Workers can not believe that you want and you can accept the nullification the wealth of expertise and best professional practices that have enabled the social services to contribute to the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution stipulates that the rehabilitative purposes of punishment, getting to be the core of a process of territorialization for enforcement and protection of the principles inclusion and social justice, or that it intends to cancel a process of cultural growth which sees punishment as an opportunity for rehabilitation and not merely as expiation, and refers to the educational responsibility, and not just punitive state. Wishing you peaceful holidays
Best regards. The President

Franca Tooth

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Justice: empty the jails at the start, but only a third of eligible candidates will be able to use today

Francesco Grignetta-La Stampa, 31 December 2010 were more than

69mila, yesterday, held in Italian prisons. Overcrowding crazy, considering that the prisons could accommodate 44 000 people and the maximum tolerable threshold would be 65 000. And fortunately that 4 have left the prison in Palermo, thanks to the latest law that would make him catch his breath prisons.
Yeah, because December 16 is a sneaky entry into force of government initiative, disparagingly dubbed "empty the prisons," which will allow those who must serve 12 months of passing sentence under house arrest. But as a home is absolutely essential, and also the consent family members to accept the joint prison, that's already complaining that "I wish it were an empty prison as someone says." Marco Travaglio, for example, in the wake of certain impulses and ridden by members of the League DiPietro, argued that it would a "disguised amnesty." The police union said the prison Osapp with a resigned tone: "It seems one of the few workable solutions." The more realistic estimate is that eventually will be three thousand or so inmates can go to the house. In Italian prisons that we live very badly, it is a fact. Increase the prison population at a rate of more than 5,000 people in each anno.Aumentano exponentially deaths: 170 in 2010. Increase the suicide: 65 cases recorded this year. The last to Rebibbia, two days ago, a 24 year old Roma killed himself by hanging himself, he would have finished his sentence in May. And criminal lawyers criminal chambers of the Union, who have the pulse of the situation of those living behind bars, horrified: "The relationship between the people who killed himself in prison and those restricted free is about 19 to 1.The percentage so disproportionate as to be explicable only by the difficult psychological situation resulting from the limitation of personal freedom. Independent studies showed a correlation between overcrowding and suicides: in nine institutions where there are at least two suicides per year, the average rate of overcrowding is 176% against a national average of 154%, and the suicide rate is 1 in every 415 prisoners, while the national average is 1 about 1090 ". The law which bears the signature of the Minister Angelino Alfano should give a breath of fresh air to the system. In theory they could access the benefits in 9600, including 4500 foreigners. But since they are the ones that usually does not have an address for safe, no income, and often even a family that will take him into care, is likely to be just them, foreigners, those who spend less easily to the consideration of Courts of surveillance: that the detainees will eventually be able to use the law and Italian immigrants no, continue to clog the cells. And this is a chronic worry of the minister. "If we take away the detainees from about 70 000 24 000 foreigners - explained a few days ago, calling for a European solution for prisons - we have the regulatory capacity of institutions. It means that the Italian prisons are equipped for Italian prisoners. The detained alien to our country pay a price in terms of safety and flooding of the process. At least food and accommodation if they do pay their own country. "But no. "It is inevitable - says Sandro Combs, head of the Democratic Party to the prisons - that ends well. The point is that there are some laws in particular Bossi - Fini against illegal immigration, Fini - Giovanardi with the penalties for drug users, and the former Cirielli on relapse, which together have a dramatic effect on the indices of incarceration. The result is that the prison is filled with nothing but poor people, junkies, sick and foreigners. "

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Reflection of Social Service of the National Order of Social Workers

important document in the National Council mandate expires.
The National Council of Social Workers found it useful to make known, through this document, the analysis being conducted internally on the current state of the profession in Italy, in the knowledge which is a specific task to help create and strengthen a community of thought that allows the social services to grow as a profession and as disciplina.La reading and monitoring of the reality of social work conducted by the National Council in carrying out its institutional activities, including through the activities of board committees and their relationships with various partners, has revealed a picture of the profession where, in addition to aspects of undoubted recognition of competencies, the consolidation of good practices, whether true excellence coexist in many elements of concern.
Attachment:
Riflessioni_SS_Oggi.pdf